This chapter provides a handy reference guide to BASIC's key definitions for the ITF keyboard and for HP 98203 keyboards. Note that other system programs may define the keys differently. Each key will be demonstrated where possible. The cursor referred to in the following paragraphs is the blinking-underline that points to a location on the screen. On some displays the cursor does not blink.
The keys on the ITF keyboard are arranged into the following functional groups:
ITF Keyboard
NOTE |
---|
Before you proceed, type:
This clears the computer of any programs that might be left in memory from previous demonstrations. |
Two keyboard overlays designed for the ITF keyboard were included with your BASIC Language System. Place the overlays on the keyboard as shown below:
BASIC Keyboard Overlays
The character entry keys are arranged like a typewriter, but have some added features.
[Caps] | The [Caps] key sets the unshifted keyboard to either upper-case
(which is the default after BASIC is booted) or lower-case (normal typewriter
operation). The computer displays which mode the computer is in when you
press the [Caps] key.
Type a few words, then press [Caps] and continue typing. Notice the case change. Press [Shift]-[Clear line] when finished. |
[Shift] | You can enter standard upper-case and lower-case letters using the
[Shift] key to access the alternate case.
Type a few words, pressing [Shift] to change the case of the first letter of each word. Now press [Caps] and continue the same process. Notice that the alternate case accessed by [Shift] depends on the setting of [Caps]. Press [Shift]-[Clear line] when finished. |
[Return] | The [Return] key has three functions:
Type EDIT and press [Return]. Notice the number 10 now displayed on the screen--this is the line number of the first line of a BASIC program. The computer is waiting for you to type the line. Type:
and press [Return]. The computer accepts the statement as a program line and displays 20 in preparation for the next one. Press Stop ([Shift]-[Stop]) when finished. |
[Enter] | Pressing [Enter] is the same as pressing the [Return] key. |
Print ([Shift]-[Enter]) | Pressing [Print] ([Shift]-[Enter]) prints a complete copy of the alpha display on the default printer. The shifted version of the key directly above the [/] key in the numeric keypad (labeled Dump Alpha on the overlay) performs the same function. |
[Extend char] | When you press [Extend char] plus another key, it enhances the character entry keys on Standard and European keyboards to print another character from the full 256-bit character set (see following table). On a Katakana keyboard, the "Roman" and "Katakana" keys select the other character sets. To get Katakana characters 161 through 254 on a medium-resolution Series 300 screen, first load the LEX language extension binary. |
[Tab] | Press the [Tab] key to move the cursor forward to preset tabs.
Press [Shift]-[Tab] to move the cursor backward to preset tabs.
Before [Tab] can be used, a tab must be set. Tabs are set and cleared with System menu softkeys. The [Tab] key is demonstrated along with the {{Set Tab/Clr Tab}} softkey under "System Softkeys" later in this chapter. |
[CTRL] | The [CTRL] (control) key works like [Shift] to access a set of standard control characters, such as line-feed and form-feed. These characters are useful to the programmer for controlling some devices and for communicating with other computers. You probably won't need them when running programs. The available control characters are listed in the HP BASIC 6.2 Language Reference in the "Useful Tables" appendix. |
[Select] | The [Select] key beeps but performs no function unless it is program-defined. |
The cursor-control keys move the display cursor. The [up arrow] and [down arrow] keys allow you to scroll lines in the output area up and down. Shifted, the keys allow you to jump to the top and bottom of the output area. The [right arrow] and [left arrow] keys allow you to move horizontally along a line. Shifted, they allow you to jump to the left and right limits of a line. The [Back space] key works just like the [left arrow] key.
The unshifted [diagonal] key positions the print position at the beginning position on the page. The shifted [diagonal] key places the print position at the beginning of the first empty line in the display (scrolls up if necessary). In edit mode, pressing this key (shifted or unshifted) causes the computer to beep.
To verify operation of the [diagonal] key, press [Clear display]. Then type PRINT "SOMETHING" and press [Return]; repeat twice. You should now have the following display:
SOMETHING
SOMETHING
SOMETHING
Press the [diagonal] key (unshifted).
Type PRINT "ANY " and press [Return]. Your display should look like this:
ANY THING
SOMETHING
SOMETHING
Press [Clear display].
In normal mode, press the [Prev] key to scroll the display down one page and press the [Next] key to scroll up one page. In edit mode, these keys move the scroll one-half page.
To test the horizontal movement of the cursor, type a few words and press the shifted and unshifted [left arrow] and [right arrow] keys. Notice that the cursor cannot be moved beyond the characters you have typed. Press [Shift]-[Clear line] when finished.
To test the vertical movement of the cursor, type EDIT and press [Return]. Now type the following lines, pressing [Return] after each line (if you entered the first line in a previous exercise, just press [Return] to accept it):
10 !FIRST LINE
20 !SECOND LINE
30 !THIRD LINE
40 !FOURTH LINE
Try the shifted and unshifted [up arrow], [down arrow], and [diagonal] keys. Then try the [Prev] and [Next] keys. When you're done, press Stop to exit. Then, type SCRATCH [Return] to clear memory. cursor control keys, ITF keyboard
The numeric keypad provides a convenient way to enter numbers and perform arithmetic operations. Simply type the arithmetic expression you want to evaluate, then press [Enter]. The result is displayed in the lower-left corner of the screen.
The [Enter] key performs the same function as the [Return] key. The [Tab] key on the numeric keypad functions like the [Tab] key in the character entry area. The shifted versions of the [*], [/], [=], and [-] keys are E, (, ), and ^, respectively (see labels on the overlay). The shifted versions are also available in the character entry area.
Type the following problem using the numeric keypad:
(26+14)/4
Now press [Enter] to perform the calculation. The answer, 10, is displayed in the lower-left corner of the screen. cursor control keys, ITF keyboard
The editing keys put easy character editing and line editing at your fingertips.
[Insert line] | Press [Insert line] to insert a new line above the cursor's current
position (edit mode only).
Type EDIT, then press [Return]. Type this line (if it isn't already there):
Now, with the cursor somewhere on line 10, press [Insert line]. Notice that a new line number (1) is inserted before line 10. Press Stop when finished. |
[Delete line] | Press [Delete line] to delete the line containing the cursor (edit
mode only).
Type EDIT, then press [Return]. Position the cursor to the line:
and press [Delete line]. The line is removed. To restore it, press the key directly above [*] (labeled Recall on the overlay) to recall it, then press [Return] to enter it into the program. Press Stop to exit edit mode. |
[Insert char] | Press [Insert char] to set insert mode; characters you insert
appear to the left of the cursor. Press the key a second time to cancel insert
mode.
Carefully type the following line exactly as shown:
Position the cursor under the period and press [Insert char]. Now type:
and press [Insert char] again. The line should now look like this:
The new characters were inserted to the left of the period. Press [Shift]-[Clear line] when finished. |
[Delete char] | Press [Delete char] to delete the character at the cursor's position.
Type a few words and experiment with [Delete char], positioning the cursor at various places on the line. Notice that if you hold the key down, characters are deleted until you release it. Delete all of the characters you typed. |
[Clear line] | Press unshifted-[Clear line] (labeled Clr&rarrow;End on the
overlay) to clear from the current cursor position to the end of the line.
Press [Shift]-[Clear line] (labeled Clr Ln on the overlay) to clear the keyboard line and message/results line. Type a few words and use the [&left;] key to position the cursor in the middle of the line. Press unshifted-[Clear line] to clear to the end of the line. Press [Shift]-[Clear line] to clear the rest of the line. |
[Clear display] | Press either the shifted or unshifted version of [Clear display]
to clear the entire alpha screen.
Type the following BASIC command:
Now press [Return] to execute it. Press the key directly above [*] (labeled Recall on the overlay) to recall the command, and press [Return] again. Repeat this step several times to fill the screen with messages. Now press [Clear display] to erase all lines at once. |
The following keys allow you to control execution of the program stored in the computer's memory.
Pause ([Stop] | Press unshifted-[Stop] (labeled Pause on the overlay) to pause program execution after the current line. Press {{Continue}} (unshifted [f2]) in the System menu to resume program execution from the point where it was paused. |
Stop ([Shift]-[Stop] | Press [Shift]-[Stop] (labeled Stop on the overlay) to stop program execution after the current line. To restart the program, press {{RUN}} (unshifted [f3]) in the System menu. |
[Break] | Press [Break] (labeled Clr I/O on the overlay) to pause program execution when the computer is performing or trying to perform an I/O operation. Press [Break] instead of Pause when the computer is hung up on an I/O operation, since Pause works only after the computer finishes the current program line. Pressing [Break] cancels the I/O operation and pauses the program at the current line. |
[Reset] | Press [Reset] to pause program execution immediately without erasing the program from memory. The BASIC Reset message indicates the computer is ready for your command. |
Four unlabeled keys directly above the numeric keypad control various system functions related to the display, printer, and editing operations. Most of these keys execute their functions immediately, as the key is pressed. To easily identify the keys in the following description, we'll use this convention.
[Key 1]--Recall | Press unshifted-[Key 1] (Recall) to recall the last line that
you entered, executed, or deleted. Several previous lines can be recalled
this way. Recall is particularly handy to use when you mistype a line. Instead
of retyping the entire line, you can recall it, edit it using the editing
keys, and enter or execute it again.
Type:
to print the number 1 on the screen. Now press [Key 1] to recall the print statement. Edit the statement to print the number 2 by positioning the cursor under the 1 and typing [2] over it. Press [Return] again. Now press [Key 1] several times to see all of the statements it remembers. Then press [Clear display] when finished. [Shift]-[Key 1] moves forward through the recall stack. Press [f8] in the System menu to perform the same recall function as [Key 1]. |
[Key 2]--Alpha/ Dump Alpha | Press unshifted-[Key 2] (Alpha) once to turn on the alphanumeric
display. Press it the second time to turn off the graphics display. This
key function requires that the GRAPH BIN file be loaded. If you have a Model
237, an HP 98700 Graphics Display station, or Series 300 computer, this key
may perform no function.
Press [Shift]-[Key 2] (Dump Alpha) to print a complete copy of the alpha display on the default printer. The Dump Alpha function is also executed by Print ([Shift]-[Enter]). |
[Key 3]--Graphics/ Dump Graph | Press unshifted-[Key 3] (Graphics) once to turn on the graphics
display. Press it the second time to turn off the alphanumeric display. If
you have a Model 237, an HP 98700 Graphics Display Station, or Series 300
computer, this key may perform no function.
Pressing [Shift]-[Key 3] (Dump Graph) prints a complete copy of the graphics display on the default printer. If you have a Model 237, an HP 98700 Graphics Display Station, or Series 300 computer, the combined alpha and graphics display is printed. Both key functions require that the GRAPH language extension file be loaded. |
[Key 4]--RES | Pressing [Key 4] (RES) either shifted or unshifted returns the
result of the last arithmetic expression that was executed.
Press [Shift]-[Clear line], then type:
The result, 68, is displayed in the lower-left corner of the screen. To add 123 to this value, press [Key 4] and type:
The new result, 191, is now displayed. Press [Shift]-[Clear line] when finished. |
There are eight softkeys (labeled [f1] through [f8]) and two keys that control the definitions of the softkeys ([Menu] and [System]. Refer to chapter 3 for a discussion of menus and key labels.
When the BASIC system is booted, the softkeys default to System mode and the System menu appears at the bottom of your display. (However, if the KBD binary is loaded, the default softkeys will be the User 1 menu.) System softkeys are defined following control key definitions. In addition to the System mode, there are three User modes: User 1, User 2, and User 3. HP BASIC 6.2 Programming Guide describes how to set up User modes.
[System] | To assume System mode, press unshifted-[System]. . The System menu is displayed, if the [Menu] key is toggled to the on position. |
[User] | Press [User] ([Shift]-[System]) to put the softkeys
in User mode. A User menu is displayed if the [Menu] key is
toggled to the on position.
The system remembers which User menu you are in when you press the [System] key and returns to that menu when you press the [User] key. A second press of the [User] key always goes to the User 1 menu. There are additional iterations with EDIT mode; see "Softkey Menu Changes" in the "Editing and Storing Programs" chapter for details. |
[Menu] | Press unshifted-[Menu] to toggle the softkey labels; it turns
them on if they're off and turns them off if they're on.
Press [Shift]-[Menu] to increment User mode and menu if User mode is on. |
User menus are blank unless the KBD language extension binary is loaded. After the KBD binary is loaded, the softkeys default to the User 1 mode. Please do the following exercises to learn how the two control keys work.
First, get the System mode selected and menu displayed. If the System menu is not displayed, press [System]. If it is still not displayed, press [Menu].
With the System menu displayed, press unshifted-[Menu] several times. The system menu display should go on and off. Leave the System menu displayed, and continue.
Now press [Shift]-[User]. The User 1 menu appears on your display.
Press [Shift]-[Menu] several times. The displayed menus should rotate successively through the three User menus (User 1 ; User 2 ; User 3 ; User 1; User 2, etc.).
Press unshifted-[Menu] several times and the last User menu goes on and off. Leave the User menu on.
Press unshifted-[System] to return to the System menu.
The following paragraphs define the eight System softkeys.
{{Step}} | {{Step}} (unshifted-[f1]) lets you execute one program line at a time. This is useful for debugging programs. |
{{Continue}} | {{Continue}} (unshifted-[f2]) resumes program execution from the point where it was paused (by an unshifted-[Stop]). |
{{RUN}} | {{RUN}} (unshifted-[f3]) starts a program running from the beginning. |
{{Print All}} | The {{Print All}} key (unshifted-[f4]) turns the printall mode
on and off, allowing keyboard operations and displayed error messages to
be copied to a printall device. Press {{Print All}} once to set printall
on and again to set printall off. An asterisk (*) appears next to
All to indicate that printall is on.
The display's output area is the default printall device at powerup. HP BASIC 6.2 Programming Guide explains how to select other printall devices. Press {{Print All}} to turn on printall mode. Now type the following command:
Both the PRINT command and the message are displayed on the screen, (the default printall device). Now type:
Because this is not an executable BASIC statement, an error message is displayed, both at the bottom of the screen and in the printall area at the top. A log is produced of all commands typed and executed at the keyboard, along with any error messages. Press [Clear display] to clear the display, and press {{Print All}} to turn off printall mode. |
{{Set Tab/Clr Tab}} | {{Set Tab}} (unshifted-[f5]) sets a tab at the cursor's current
position. Tabs remain in effect until cleared by either {{Clr Tab}} or the
SCRATCH A statement (explained in HP BASIC 6.2 Programming Guide).
{{Clr Tab}} ([Shift]-[f5]) clears a tab previously set at the cursor's position. Press the space bar to move the cursor forward a few spaces and press {{Set Tab}}. Move the cursor back several spaces using [&left;], then press [Tab]. Move the cursor forward several more spaces with the space bar, then press [Shift]-[Tab]. To clear the tab, move the cursor to the unwanted tab position and press {{Clr Tab}}. Press [Shift]-[Clear line] when finished. |
{{Display Fctns}} | {{Display Fctns}} (unshifted-[f6]) sets the display-functions
mode, allowing you to see special control characters (e.g., form-feed, carriage
return) on the screen. Pressing this key a second time cancels the
display-functions mode. An asterisk (*) appears next to
Fctns to indicate that display-functions mode is on.
Type the following line:
Notice the display at the top of the screen. Now press {{Recall}} (unshifted-[f8]) to recall the line, and edit it to read:
Press {{Display Fctns}}, and then press [Return]. Notice that the carriage return (CR) and line-feed (LF) control characters are now displayed. Press {{Display Fctns}} again to exit display-functions mode. Press [Clear display] when finished. |
{{Any char}} | {{Any char}} (unshifted-[f7]) is used to find any ASCII character.
First press {{Any char}}. The following message appears above the menu:
Enter a three-digit number from 000 through 255 representing the decimal equivalent of an ASCII character. The computer automatically displays the character on the screen. For a list of characters and their equivalent decimal values, see the US ASCII Character Codes table in the "Useful Tables" appendix of the HP BASIC 6.2 Language Reference. Press {{Any char}}, then type 65 which is the decimal equivalent of A. The display line now displays A. Press [Shift]-[Clear line] to erase it. |
{{Recall}} | The {{Recall}} softkey (unshifted-[f8]) acts just like System
Control [f1] (described earlier). {{Recall}} recalls the last line
that you entered, executed, or deleted. Several previous lines can be recalled
this way. {{Recall}} is particularly useful when you mistype a line. Instead
of retyping the entire line, you can recall it, edit it using the editing
keys, and enter or execute it again.
Type:
to print the number 1 on the screen. Now press {{Recall}} to recall the PRINT statement. Edit the statement to print the number 2 by positioning the cursor under the 1 and typing [2] over it. Press [Return] again. Now press {{Recall}} several times to see all of the statements it remembers. Note that {{Recall}} goes backward through the queue. Press [Shift]-[f8] to cycle forward through the queue until the last line entered, executed, or deleted is displayed. In the previous exercise you pressed unshifted-[f8] several times, cycling backward through the queue. Now press [Shift]-[f8] several times to cycle forward through the queue until the last line is displayed. |
HP 98203B/C keys are arranged in the following functional groups:
HP 98203B/C Keyboard
The layout of the HP 98203A keyboard is similar, but without the separate numeric keypad on the right.
NOTE |
---|
Before you proceed, type:
This clears the computer of any programs that might be left in memory from previous demonstrations. |
In the following sections, you will find tables listing keycaps and detailed information for the HP 98203B/C keyboard and the model HP 98203A keyboard.
The character entry keys are arranged like a typewriter, but have some added features. character entry keys, HP 98203 keyboards
HP 98203B/C\Keyboard | HP 98203A\Keyboard | Effect |
---|---|---|
[CAPS LOCK] | [CAPS] | Sets the unshifted keyboard to either upper-case (which is the default
after BASIC is booted) or lower-case (normal typewriter operation). The computer
displays which mode the computer is in when you press the [CAPS LOCK]
key.
Type a few words, then press [CAPS LOCK] and continue typing. Notice the case change. Press [CLR LN] when finished. |
[SHIFT] | [SHIFT] | You can enter standard upper-case and lower-case letters, using the
[SHIFT] key to access the alternate case.
Type a few words, pressing [SHIFT] to change the case of the first letter of each word. Now press [CAPS LOCK] and continue the same process. Notice that the alternate case accessed by [SHIFT] depends on the setting of [CAPS LOCK]. Press [CLR LN] when finished. |
[ENTER] | [ENTER] | The [ENTER] key has several functions:
|
[TAB] | [TAB] | Press the [TAB] key to move the cursor forward to preset tabs.
Press [SHIFT]-[TAB] to move the cursor backward to preset tabs.
Before [TAB] can be used a tab must be set. See [SET TAB] in the Editing Keys Table. |
[CTRL] | [CTRL] | The [CTRL] (control) key works like [SHIFT] to access a set of standard control characters, such as line-feed and form-feed. These characters are useful to the programmer for controlling some devices and for communicating with other computers. You probably won't need them when running programs. Available control characters are listed in the Useful Tables appendix of HP BASIC 6.2 Language Reference. |
The cursor control keys allow you to move the display cursor. cursor control keys, HP 98203 keyboards
HP 98203B/C\Keyboard | HP 98203A\Keyboard | Effect |
---|---|---|
[up arrow] and [down arrow] | [up arrow] and [down arrow] | Use [up arrow] and [down arrow] to scroll lines in the output area up and down. Shifted, these keys allow you to jump to the top and bottom of the output area. |
[left arrow] and [right arrow] | [left arrow] and [right arrow] | Use [left arrow] and [right arrow] to move horizontally along a line. Shifted, these keys allow you to jump to the left and right limits of a line. (The [BACK SPACE] key works just like the [left arrow] key.) |
Cursor Control Wheel | Cursor Control Wheel | Use the cursor control wheel (also called the knob) to move the cursor left and right. Or, press [SHIFT], and use the knob to scroll the print area up and down. |
To test the horizontal movement of the cursor, type a few words and press the [left arrow] and [right arrow] keys. Notice that the cursor cannot be moved beyond the characters you have typed. Now rotate the wheel to move the cursor. Press [CLR LN] when finished.
To test vertical scrolling, type EDIT and press [EXECUTE]. Type the following lines, and press [ENTER] after each line (if you entered the first line in a previous exercise, just press [ENTER] to accept it):
10 !FIRST LINE
20 !SECOND LINE
30 !THIRD LINE
40 !FOURTH LINE
Press the [SHIFT] key and rotate the wheel to scroll the text up and down. Also try the [up arrow] and [down arrow] keys. When you're done, press [PAUSE] to exit. cursor control keys, HP 98203 keyboards
The HP 98203A keyboard does not have a numeric keypad (use the regular number keys).
The HP 98203B/C numeric keypad provides a convenient way to enter numbers and perform arithmetic operations. Simply type the arithmetic expression you want to evaluate, then press [EXECUTE]. The result is displayed in the lower-left corner of the screen.
Type the following problem using the numeric keypad:
(26+14)/4
Now press [EXECUTE] to perform the calculation. The answer, 10, is displayed in the lower-left corner of the screen.
The editing keys put easy character editing and line editing at your fingertips.
HP 98203B/C\Keyboard | HP 98203A\Keyboard | Effect |
---|---|---|
[EDIT] [EXECUTE] | Type EDIT and press [EXEC] | EDIT puts the computer in program edit mode and allows you to enter and
edit program lines.
When you have entered edit mode, the number 10 appears on the screen. This is a line number for a BASIC program; the computer is waiting for you to type a line of code. If there is a program already in memory, the computer displays it on the screen. Press [PAUSE] to exit edit mode. |
[RECALL] | [RCL] | The [RECALL] key recalls the last line that you entered, executed,
or deleted. Several previous lines can be recalled this way. [RECALL]
is convenient when you mistype a line. Instead of retyping the entire line,
you can recall it, edit it using the editing keys, and enter or execute it
again.
Type:
to print the number 1 on the screen. Now press [RECALL] to recall the PRINT statement. Edit the statement to print the number 2 by positioning the cursor under the 1 and typing [2] over it. Press [EXECUTE] again. Now press [RECALL] several times to see all of the statements it remembers. Press [CLR SCR] when finished. [SHIFT]-[RECALL] moves forward through the recall stack. |
[INS LN] | [INS L] | Inserts a new line above the cursor's current position (edit mode only).
Press [EDIT], then [EXECUTE]. Type this line (if it isn't already there).
Now, with the cursor somewhere on line 10, press [INS LN]. Notice that a new line number (1) is inserted before line 10. Press [PAUSE] when finished. |
[DEL LN] | [DEL L] ([SHIFT]- [INS L]) | Deletes the line containing the cursor (edit mode only).
Press [EDIT], then [EXECUTE]. Position the cursor to the line:
and press [DEL LN]. The line is removed. To restore it, press [RECALL] to retrieve it, then [ENTER] to enter it into the program. Press [PAUSE] to exit edit mode. |
[INS CHR] | [INS C] | Sets insert mode, allowing you to insert characters to the left of the
cursor. To cancel insert mode, press the key a second time.
Carefully type the following line exactly as shown:
Position the cursor under the period and press [INS CHR]. Now type:
and press [INS CHR] again. The line should now look like this:
The new characters were inserted to the left of the period. Press [CLR LN] when finished. |
[DEL CHR] | [DEL C] | Deletes the character at the cursor's position.
Type a few words and experiment with [DEL CHR], positioning the cursor at varous places on the line. Notice that if you hold the key down, characters are deleted until you release it. Delete all of the characters you typed. |
[SET TAB] ([SHIFT]- [RESULT]) | [SET TAB] ([SHIFT]- [INS C]) | Sets a tab at the cursor's current position. Tabs remain in effect until
cleared by either [CLR TAB] or the SCRATCH A statement. The SCRATCH
commands are explained in HP BASIC 6.2 Programming Guide.
Press the space bar to move the cursor forward a few spaces and press [SET TAB]. Move the cursor back several spaces using [left arrow], then press [TAB]. Move the cursor forward several more spaces with the space bar, then press [SHIFT]-[TAB]. See [CLR TAB] for additional information. Press [CLR LN] when finished. |
[CLR TAB] ([SHIFT]- [PRT ALL]) | [CLR TAB] ([SHIFT]- [DEL C]) | Clears a tab previously set at the cursor's position.
To clear a tab, first set tabs (see [SET TAB]), then move the cursor to the unwanted tab position and press [CLR TAB]. Press [CLR LN] when finished. |
[CLR LN] | [CLR L] | Clears the keyboard line and message/results line.
Type a few words and press [CLR LN] to clear them. |
[CLR right arrow END] | (no equivalent) | Clears from the current cursor position to the end of the line.
Type a few words and use the cursor control wheel or [left arrow] to position the cursor in the middle of the line. Press [CLR right arrow END] to clear to the end of the line. Press [CLR LN] to clear the rest of the line. |
The keys shown below allow you to control execution of a program stored in the computer's memory.
HP 98203B/C\Keyboard | HP 98203A\Keyboard | Effect |
---|---|---|
[RUN] | [RUN] | Starts a program running from the beginning. |
[PAUSE] | [PSE] | Pauses program execution after the current line. It is also used to exit the EDIT mode. |
[CONTINUE] | [CONT] | Resumes program execution from the point where it was paused. It is also used like [ENTER] or [EXECUTE] to respond to a program prompt. |
[STOP] ([SHIFT]- [CLR I/O]) | [STOP] ([SHIFT]- [C I/O]) | Stops program execution after the current line. Unlike [PAUSE], you can not resume execution of a program stopped with [STOP] by pressing [CONTINUE]. To restart the program, use the [RUN] key. |
[RESET] ([SHIFT] [PAUSE]) | [RST] ([SHIFT]- [PSE]) | Stops program execution immediately without erasing the program from memory. The BASIC Reset message indicates the computer is ready for your command. |
[CLR I/O] | [C I/O] | Pauses program execution when the computer is performing or trying to perform an I/O operation. Press [CLR I/O] instead of [PAUSE] when the computer is hung up on an I/O operation, since [PAUSE] works only after the computer finishes the current program line. Pressing [CLR I/O] cancels the I/O operation and pauses the program at the current line. |
These keys control various system functions related to the display, printer, and editing operations. Most of these keys execute their functions immediately, as a key is pressed.
HP 98203B/C\Keyboard | HP 98203A\Keyboard | Effect |
---|---|---|
[EDIT] | (no equivalent) | Types the EDIT command on the keyboard line. See the Editing Keys table for more information. |
[DISPLAY FCTNS] ([SHIFT]- [EDIT]) | (no equivalent) | Sets the display-functions mode. and displays special control characters
(e.g., form-feed, carriage return) on the screen. Press this key a second
time to cancel the display-functions mode.
Type the following line:
Notice the display at the top of the screen. Now press [RECALL] to recall the line, and edit it to read:
Press the [DISPLAY FCTNS] key, then press [EXECUTE]. Notice that the carriage return (CR) and line-feed (LF) control characters are now displayed. Press [DISPLAY FCTNS] again to exit display-functions mode. Press [CLR SCR] when finished. |
[ALPHA] [GRAPHICS] | (no equivalent) | [ALPHA] and [GRAPHICS] allow you to turn the alpha and graphics display modes on and off. The GRAPH binary must be loaded for these keys to function. |
[DUMP ALPHA] ([SHIFT]- [ALPHA]) | (no equivalent) | The [DUMP ALPHA] key prints a complete copy of the alpha display on the default printer. |
[DUMP GRAPHICS] ([SHIFT]- [GRAPHICS]) | (no equivalent) | The [DUMP GRAPHICS] key prints a complete copy of the graphics display on the default printer. The GRAPH binary must be loaded for this key to function. |
[STEP] | [STEP] | Allows the programmer to step through a program, one line at a time. Using the [STEP] key to debug programs is covered in HP BASIC 6.2 Programming Guide. |
[ANY CHAR] ([SHIFT]- [STEP]) | [ANY C] ([SHIFT]- [STEP]) | Used to find any ASCII character. First press [ANY CHAR]. Then
enter a three-digit number from 000 through 255 representing the decimal
equivalent of an ASCII character. The computer automatically displays the
character on the screen. For a list of characters and their equivalent decimal
values, see the US ASCII Character Codes in the Useful Tables appendix of
the HP BASIC 6.2 Language Reference.
Press [ANY CHAR], then type 65, which is the decimal equivalent of A. The A is now displayed in the keyboard line. Press [CLR LN] to erase it. |
[CLR SCR] ([SHIFT]- [CLR LN]) | [CLR S] ([SHIFT]- [CLR L]) | Clears the entire alpha screen.
Type the following BASIC command:
Now press [EXECUTE]. Press [RECALL] to recall the command and press [EXECUTE] again. Repeat this step several times to fill the screen with messages. Now press [CLR SCR] to erase all lines at once. |
[RESULT] | (no equivalent) | Returns the result of the last arithmetic expression that was executed.
Press [CLR LN], then type:
The result, 68, is displayed in the lower-left corner of the screen. To add 123 to this value:
The new result, 191, is now displayed. Press [CLR LN] when finished. |
[PRT ALL] | [PRT ALL] ([SHIFT]- [ENTER]) | Turns the printall mode on and off, allowing keyboard operations and
displayed error messages to be copied to a printall device. Press [PRT
ALL] once to set printall on and again to set printall off. The printall
mode is displayed in the lower-left corner of the screen.
The screen's output area is the default printall device. Selecting an external printall device is explained in HP BASIC 6.2 Programming Guide. Press [PRT ALL] to turn on printall mode. Now type the following command:
Both the PRINT command and the message itself are displayed on the screen, which is the default device. Now type:
Because this is not an executable BASIC statement, an error message is displayed, both at the bottom of the screen and in the printall area at the top. A log is produced of all commands typed and executed at the keyboard, along with any error messages. Press [CLR SCREEN] to clear the screen, and press [PRT ALL] to turn off printall mode. |
The ten keys labeled [k0] through [k9] are defined under program control. The program may also display a label for each defined key. Pressing a defined key tells the computer to interrupt whatever it's doing and start running another part of the program.
We call these keys softkeys because the program (or software) defines and labels them. Another ten softkeys (without the displayed labels) can be defined at the same time and accessed with the [SHIFT] key. These shifted softkeys are often referred to as {{k10}} through {{k19}}. With KBD language extension binary loaded, softkeys are defined as typing aids.
The default softkeys are defined by BASIC and have the following key labels, which are displayed at the bottom of the screen.